Sample Standard Deviation Example Problem

This is a simple example of how to calculate sample variance and sample standard deviation. First, lets review the steps for calculating the sample standard deviation: Calculate the mean (simple average of the numbers).For each number: subtract the mean. Square the result.Add up all of the squared results.Divide this sum by one less than the number of data points (N - 1). This gives you the sample variance.Take the square root of this value to obtain the sample standard deviation. Example Problem You grow 20 crystals from a solution and measure the length of each crystal in millimeters. Here is your data: 9, 2, 5, 4, 12, 7, 8, 11, 9, 3, 7, 4, 12, 5, 4, 10, 9, 6, 9, 4 Calculate the sample standard deviation of the length of the crystals. Calculate the mean of the data. Add up all the numbers and divide by the total number of data points.(925412781193741254109694) / 20 140/20 7Subtract the mean from each data point (or the other way around, if you prefer... you will be squaring this number, so it does not matter if it is positive or negative).(9 - 7)2 (2)2 4(2 - 7)2 (-5)2 25(5 - 7)2 (-2)2 4(4 - 7)2 (-3)2 9(12 - 7)2 (5)2 25(7 - 7)2 (0)2 0(8 - 7)2 (1)2 1(11 - 7)2 (4)22 16(9 - 7)2 (2)2 4(3 - 7)2 (-4)22 16(7 - 7)2 (0)2 0(4 - 7)2 (-3)2 9(12 - 7)2 (5)2 25(5 - 7)2 (-2)2 4(4 - 7)2 (-3)2 9(10 - 7)2 (3)2 9(9 - 7)2 (2)2 4(6 - 7)2 (-1)2 1(9 - 7)2 (2)2 4(4 - 7)2 (-3)22 9Calculate the mean of the squared differences.(4254925011641609254994149) / 19 178/19 9.368This value is the sample variance. The sample variance is 9.368The population standard deviation is the square root of the variance. Use a calculator to obtain this number.(9.368)1/2 3.061The population standard deviation is 3.061 Compare this with the variance and population standard deviation for the same data.

The Museum Of Modern Art - 2070 Words

Before the 19th century, artists mainly made artwork for the wealthy people and the religious groups. They were controlled by the academy and painted in a way that mainstream society recognized. Many of their paintings depicted scenes of mythology and church. However in the 19th century, industrialization brought many new technologies to ordinary people, making the impossible possible. Many artists began to create artworks to explore the concept of symbolism. Many of their subjects were daily things such as ordinary people, normal places and the things they had direct experience on. They challenged the traditional concept that artists must depict realistic worlds. Instead, they used a wide range of colors, materials and techniques to†¦show more content†¦Van Gogh depicted clouds and stars in whirly shape in order to direct the viewer ´s eye around the painting. When standing in front the painting, one would spontaneously be attracted by those swirls and would follow one sw irl to another. These elements make the painting seems to be fluid and abstract. The yellow crescent moon at the upper right corner is blight and mild. It softens the painting to convey a sense of serenity. Compared to other Impressionist paintings, Starry Night is somehow different: van Gogh used very expressive color and distorted form to give the viewers a very bright picture. Van Gogh wrote a letter to his brother to point out that compared to other Impressionist artists of that time, he utilized â€Å"exaggeration in terms of composition.† He uses techniques such as surrealism to draw those swirls. In Starry Night the landscape seems to be a way to convey the artist’s emotion. I believe that the fight van Gogh had against his mental illness is reflected in the painting. When looking at the upper sky in the painting, there is a strong contrast between the sky and the stars, similar to what van Gogh experienced that time: his illness and his hope to recover. Van Gog h painted the village in dark color but on the contrary, he used bright color to draw the windows. I think this contrast gave people the idea that finally human should have hope and try their best to overcome the

Active And Passive Euthanasia free essay sample

Euthanasia is the act of ending another person’s life, either with or without their consent or assistance, performed generally in order to end one’s suffering.   It manifests in two main forms; â€Å"active euthanasia† is the act of directly causing someone’s death, either with or without their permission, while â€Å"passive euthanasia† relies on inaction rather than action – usually ending treatment that could prolong a patient’s life and allowing death to occur naturally.   The former is basically â€Å"mercy killing,† while the latter can be considered â€Å"letting nature take its course.† Physician-assisted suicide differs from active euthanasia because the former gives patients control of the process that results in their death.   With physician-assisted suicide, the choice rests with the patient, who voluntarily commits suicide and enlists a doctor’s help only to provide the means without performing the act.   Euthanasia is different because the patients do not actually kill themselves, but are allowed to die (in the passive case) or put to death by others (in the active variety). Two schools of thought exist on the moral differences between active and passive euthanasia.   Conventional morality tolerates some degree of the latter, while the former is considered unconditionally wrong, little better than murder itself.   The American legal and medical professions tend to agree and enforce this doctrine; according to the AMA, â€Å"Whether a specific case of euthanasia is ‘active’ or ‘passive’ has nothing to do with whether or not the patient consented to it,† which seems to make a case against euthanasia in general because patients’ consent has no bearing (AMA).   Also, the United States Supreme Court makes no distinctions between the types. However, advocates of euthanasia, like James Rachels, claim that active euthanasia is acceptable, even desirable; he writes that â€Å"active euthanasia is in many cases more humane than passive euthanasia† (Rachels).   Instead, he claims that passive euthanasia is morally the same as watching someone die in an accident while refusing to save them, and that withholding life-sustaining treatment only prolongs the patient’s agony, so actively ending that person’s life is actually morally more acceptable. Rachels also argues that the grounds for such arguments are themselves outmoded and inherently incorrect.   This view assumes that one agrees that the best action causes the greatest benefit (or, if nothing else, the least unhappiness for patients and relatives alike). Between the two, I find active euthanasia more morally acceptable, since it is often quick and painless.   Simply ceasing treatment and allowing a patient to die naturally can be callous because, in many cases, the patient will continue to suffer until death.   I do not necessarily agree with Rachels’ notion that passive euthanasia is the same as watching someone drown and refusing to assist, though, since the former act is generally not done out of cruelty or indifference.   However, I agree with Rachels’ point of view, which argues that active euthanasia is at times more favorable and even more humane than the passive type (which can prolong a patient’s suffering). In cases of permanently comatose or brain-dead patients, it seems more humane to allow them to die with dignity than to live artificially However, I am ambivalent about the issue because I am aware that many consider any for of euthanasia little more than murder. I believe my reasons for advocating active euthanasia are consequential, since they center on the most relevant concern – the patient’s welfare and dignity.   A brain-dead patient has no quality of life to speak of, while the terminally ill generally suffer greatly.   Keeping them alive with no legitimate hope of recovery, as James Rachels claims, does seem cruel because it prolongs their suffering.   Allowing their lives to end quickly and painlessly appears more humane.   However, I am aware of the law’s position on euthanasia, as well as the religious considerations.   Also, there is the possibility of euthanasia being applied unnecessarily or against the patient’s will, or in cases where the patient is not as ill as initially thought. Permanently comatose (or â€Å"brain-dead†) patients pose another dilemma, because they are unable to actively participate in the act of euthanasia.   They cannot issue orders or make decisions, leaving them wholly at the mercy of physicians or family members who consider death a more dignified state than being a vegetable.   (In this case, euthanasia can be only active, and places much more responsibility for the death in the caregivers’ hands.) This was the case in the Terri Schiavo controversy, in which the permanently brain-damaged patient’s family and husband took opposite stances on whether her life should be ended.   Her devoutly Catholic relatives objected on primarily religious grounds and did not concede that she was as brain-damaged as some experts maintained, and the matter became a sort of national referendum on euthanasia itself, with right-to-die advocates siding against the religious right and briefly involving Congress. SOURCES Anonymous.   â€Å"Active and Passive Euthanasia.†Ã‚   BBC – Religion and Ethics.   2005.   http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/ethics/euthanasia/active_passive.shtml. Anonymous.   â€Å"Euthanasia Assisted Suicide.†Ã‚   Constance Perry. Ph.D.   http://www.pages.drexel.edu/~cp28/euth1.htm. Rachels, James.   â€Å"Active and Passive Euthanasia.†Ã‚   2002.   Perspectives on Death and Dying.   http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/pecorip/SCCCWEB/ETEXTS/DeathandDying_TEXT/Rachels_Active_Passive.htm.

Textbroker Content Trends 2015-2017

Textbroker Content Trends 2015-2017 Content marketing trends have continued to change, particularly since 2015. It appears as though businesses are more inclined to order higher-quality, longer content than before. People dont seem to be interested in a quick fix and prefer thoughtful, engaging content. For years, there has been a shift in the types of content industries are ordering. Since 2015, the trend of ordering lengthier, higher-quality content has continued to rise. Consistently, Poland held the lead for ordering the lengthiest content until Germany took over that spot in 2017. The Netherlands’ orders were always the shortest. Finally, each year since 2015, blog content was ordered the most out of the majority of countries where Textbroker offers services.Conclusion: People want higher-quality, longer-form content more than they used to.In the following images, you will be able to discern just how much of a shift there has been in the types of content ordered by Textbroker clients. Not just the quality a nd length of the orders changed, but also the industries for which the content was ordered.Textbroker Content Map Q1/2015(Click on the image to enlarge)Textbroker Content Map Q2/2015(Click on the image to enlarge)Textbroker Content Map Q3/2015(Click on the image to enlarge)Textbroker Content Map Q4/2015(Click on the image to enlarge)Textbroker Content Map 2016(Click on the image to enlarge)Textbroker Content Map 2017(Click on the image to enlarge)

Henrietta edwards

Henrietta edwards HENRIETTA MUIR EDWARDS Born in Montreal on December 18, 1849, Henrietta Muir Edwards was one of Alberta's "Famous Five Women". She began her fight for woman's rights at her home in Montreal with her sister. Here she founded the Working Girls' Club, which offered meals, reading rooms and study classes, in 1875. Henrietta and her sister then published the periodical, known as the "Working Women of Canada". They paid the costs of publishing the paper by depriving themselves of all personal luxuries. Henrietta also made money by selling miniature paintings.In 1886 Henrietta Muir became Henrietta Muir Edwards when she married Dr. Oliver Cromwell Edwards. Her husband soon took a job at Fort McCloed. Here she met the other four women involved in Alberta's "Famous Five Women". The group included Emily Murphy, Nellie McClung, Irene Parlby and Louise McKinny. With their help Mrs. Edwards began her fight to change the law on Woman's rights.A statue of Henrietta Edwards, part of a monument ...

OUTLINE AND EVALUATE PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROCHES. (COGNITIVE AND Essay

OUTLINE AND EVALUATE PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROCHES. (COGNITIVE AND HUMANISTIC) - Essay Example Individuals like Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow felt existing (psychodynamic) theories failed to adequately address issues like the meaning of behavior, and the nature of healthy growth. However, the result was not simply new variations on psychodynamic theory, but rather a fundamentally new approach.† Some of the major weaknesses of the two approaches overlap, such as the fact that in all psychological perspectives—including both the cognitive and humanistic approaches—identifying practitioners that are any good in their field is rather difficult and sometimes impossible. For the purpose of treating psychopathy, the humanistic approach is simply not appropriate. It is not possible to have a great deal of emotional contact with psychopaths, and that step would be necessary if one were to engage in the humanistic approach. Furthermore, humanism is simply not suited for dealing with emotional damage that is extensive (Wilderdom, 2003). One strength of the humanistic approach is that it caters to unprecedented areas of psychology than other approaches. It is simply a newer, more eclectic approach at looking at the fundamentals of older ideas that were presented by previous psychologists (Wilderdom, 2003). Case studies and laboratory experiments are usually used as tools or instruments during investigations involving the cognitive approach. These studies are often conducted via computer and on people who are brain damaged. The entire idea behind the process is to analyze their thought processes and to draw a conclusion (Burgoon, 2008). There is one main weakness of this type of methodology, say some psychologists. One claims, for instance, that the testing environment is artificial and fair sets of data, therefore, cannot be collected. However, the thought processes of a human can be accurately recorded by a computer at any given time through the utilization of

My vision of the modern lawyer in the 21st century Essay

My vision of the modern lawyer in the 21st century - Essay Example Justice and fairness is a principle that many nations are advocating for in the 21st Century. The fundamental role played by diversity and dynamism of modern lawyers and modern law cannot be refuted. A dynamic character should be creative and innovative. In this regard, the modern lawyers cannot hold onto the old doctrines of operation, where so much time was needed to make a significant reform independent of external factors. Embracing this principle is a guarantee that commerciality of lawyers in the 21stCentury will be achieved. Lawyers play a very crucial role of guiding their clients on legal matters. The services offered are not free of charge. In this regard, service delivery is accompanied by costs, which are basically the underlying principle incentive for duty and responsibility discharge. In other words, legal and business aspects are combined, where either party to this undertaking is a beneficiary. Going commercial is a desire for a 21st Century lawyer. The level of representation does not matter, but the activities undertaken therein do. Lawyers provide their services at differentiated levels. Some operate simply as private consultants on legal matters, others practice advocacy, while others perfectly commercialize their services into commercial law firms. Whatever the case, it is evident that legal matters primarily determine how functional a lawyer is. For a 21st Century lawyer, the field and line of work should be enterprising, but most importantly competitive and effective. Therefore, the place of work does not really matter, but the quality of a lawyer’s output does. Law, legal practice and related professions are highly influenced by one factor; the client. Contemporary trends have saw clients become more cautious on legal issues that surround them. The world has become a dynamic structure, and every now and then there is something new that seems to improve a given phenomenon. However, with these changes, there are underlying