Eating Disorders Can Be Generally Characterized By Any...

Eating disorders can be generally characterized by any range of abnormal or disturbed eating habits. The DSM IV has expanded from two categories of eating disorders; Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa, to three categories; now including Binge Eating Disorder. As defined in the DSM IV, Anorexia Nervosa is predominately found in adolescent girls and young women. The disorder is defined as distorted body image and excessive dieting that leads to severe weight loss with an obsessive fear of becoming fat. Bulimia nervosa is defined by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate behav ¬iors such as self-induced vomiting to avoid weight gain. Binge eating is defined as continuous episodes of consuming large quantities of food in a short period of time. Someone with binge eating disorder may eat too quickly even when they are not feeling hungry. Feelings of guilt, embarrassment or disgust may follow. Dying to Be Thin is an exceptional film that focuses on the prevalence of eating disorders in different settings. This film consists of interviews with students, ballet dancers, fashion models, and other young women who are in the process of recovery. Dying to Be Thin digs deep into the minds of women who suffer with Anorexia nervosa and Bulimia nervosa to show how distorted their thinking can become. The dangerous obsession for dancers and models to be abnormally thin is sweeping the nation. The argument being is this a mental, physical or genetic disease? WomenShow MoreRelatedEating Disorders Are Generally Characterized By Any Range Of Abnormal Or Disturbed Eating Habits924 Words   |  4 PagesEating disorders are generally characterized by any range of abnormal or disturbed eating habits. The previous DSM editions referenced eating disorders throughout the text, whereas the DSM-5 contains all of the eating disorders in one chapter titled, â€Å"Feeding and Eating Disorders†. Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa have endured some changes in the revision of the DSM-5, while there were additional disorders added. Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder and binge eating disorder were two disordersRead MoreEating Disorders : A Young Girl Named Amy1052 Words   |  5 Pagesyears of age, suffered from an eating disorder known as anorexia nervosa. She took time to realize s he had an eating disorder, and she was also in denial. Amy thought everyone was just jealous of her self-control to be thin. An eating disorder is generally defined as any range of psychological disorders characterized by abnormal or disturbed eating habits. There are various eating disorders but the three main ones are anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating. Eating disorders are common in today’s societyRead MoreThe Effects Of Eating Disorders On A Young Womans Self Esteem2465 Words   |  10 PagesNaimah Russ Mr. Hines Period 6 Although eating disorders is a condition that has been growing amongst teenagers, it is never a personal choice and often stem from pressures given from the media. â€Å"Too many young girls have eating disorders due to low self-esteem and a distorted body image. I think it’s so important for girls to love themselves and to treat their bodies respectfully. Social media is a huge part of that... It has a huge impact on a young womans self esteem, because all theyRead MoreAbnormal Psychology. 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Assistive Technology Device – any item, piece of equipment, or product system whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified, or customized, that is used to increase, maintain or improve the functional capabilities of a person with a disability. Assistive Technology Service - ­Ã¢â‚¬  any service that directlyRead MoreCase Study on Hypokalemia8797 Words   |  36 Pagesaforementioned disorder has still on cure. The study identified actual and potential problems that during the course of care with the patient. The interventions are selectively based on the specific problem manifested by the patient as a result of malfunction of the immune system. Certain limitation came over, and these are the number of days that we’ve exposed to the patient; client perception about privacy and dignity. Introduction SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) is caused by disturbed immune regulationRead MoreIntercultural Communication21031 Words   |  85 Pagesfor intercultural communication skills are increasing as more and more businesses go global or international. We realize that there are barriers and limitations when entering a foreign territory.   Without the help of intercultural communication we can unknowingly cause confusion and misunderstandings. For these intercultural businesses to breach the cultural barriers encountered when stepping into foreign grounds it is vital for business people to fully understand the cultural differences that existRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesSaddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission i n any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions DepartmentRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagestheory matters. I felt in good hands here, confident that I was being offered a deeply informed, reliable and intelligently constructed account. The opening chapter carefully and helpfully explains terms, including ‘theory’ and ‘epistemology’ that can form an unexplored bedrock to texts in the field. It then offers thoughtful, scholarly and well-illustrated discussions of prominent theoretical perspective, including managerialism and postmodernity, supported by specified learning outcomes and guidesRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagestransmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Library

Moral And Ethical Implications Of 3d Printing Technology

Moral and Ethical Implications of 3D Printing Technology In his work, â€Å"Introduction: Nanotechnology, Society, and Ethics†, CalPoly Associate Professor of Philosophy Patrick Lin writes, â€Å"Let’s take a step back and consider any given technology we have created: gunpowder, the printing press, the camera, the automobile, nuclear power, the computer, Prozac, Viagra, the mobile phone, the Internet. Undoubtedly, these have brought us much good, but each has also changed society in important, fundamental ways and caused new problems, such as increased pollution, urban sprawl, cyber-crimes, privacy concerns, intellectual property concerns, drug dependencies, new cases of sexually-transmitted diseases, other unintended health problems, mutually-assured destruction and much more. The point here is not that we would have been better off without these inventions. Rather, we should come to terms that our creations can have unintended or unforeseen consequences† (Lin, n.d., p. 1). Lin’s point goes across the board fo r all technologies, there will be unforeseen consequences, some will be good and some will certainly be perceived as bad. As 3D printing transitions from commercial manufacturing use to personal private use individuals will have the ability to print any design. Products can range from a pair of shoes to complicated engineering designs, life-saving devices, prosthetic limbs and weapons that pass airport security. In the future we will likely see printable medications andShow MoreRelatedExploring 3d Printing1053 Words   |  5 Pages1) TOPIC a) 3D Printing 2) GROUP A MEMBERS b) Colette Davis: Team Lead c) Ryan Cornell: Assistant Team Lead/ Research amp; Writing d) Tess Bayne: Research amp; Writing e) Kimberly Brooks: Research amp; Writing f) Lindsay Clark: Research amp; Writing 3) THESIS STATEMENT g) 3D printing could potentially change the world as we know it. Through further research and development, this technology has the potential to save lives through medicalRead MoreLimitations and Common Issues with 3D Printing Essay1073 Words   |  5 Pagesnow that 3D printing has some obvious advantages. However, sensitivity to a number of considerations is needed when new boundaries are broken using science and engineering. Following are the common issues that arises out of the emergence of 3D printing Cost and Time 3D printing can’t compete with mainstream manufacturing technologies with respect to cost and time for manufacturing. It may take anywhere between a few minutes to several hours to manufacture a product using 3D printing dependingRead MoreUpcomng Advances in 3D Printing1205 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction [271] 3D printing is a means of revolutionising almost any and all aspects of life. The potential to bringing into the physical world anything that can be conceived in the mind (and created on a computer) brings a myriad of variety ; expanding markets and capabilities, whether new or improving products and processes that are already in practice. 3D printers are falling in price as the technology improves and the want for them increases making the ability to create anything domesticallyRead MoreThe Impact Of 3d Printing On An Ethical Point Of View1185 Words   |  5 PagesThe advancements of 3D printing technology within society is advancing at such a speed The research within this assignment will focus on the conflict surrounding 3D printing (bioprinting) artificial organs with stem cells based on an ethical point of view. Throughout numerous articles, two key conflicts are expressed towards the public. The first conflict consists of the question of which stem cells will be used to create the organs. The second conflict elaborates on the possibility of creating organsRead MoreUse Of Bio Printers As A Replacement For Current Organ Donation Treatments1442 Words   |  6 Pageswide range of settings in which 3D printing technology can be implemented in. In this paper, the potential use of bio-printers as a replacement for current organ donation treatments was investigated. The current organ situation in Australia was explored to assess whether the implementation of bio-printing was suitable. It was discovered that more than 1,500 people are on the Australian organ transplant waiting list, and was thus concluded that bio-printing technology could assist in reducing stressRead MoreIntroduction to Information Technology3477 Words   |  14 PagesChapter 1 : Introduction to Information Technology 1.1 The Practical User: How Becoming Computer SavvyBeneï ¬ ts You What does being computer savvy mean, and what are its practical payoffs? 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Science and Ethics b. Government and scientist role in science c. Rely too much on technology? d. Nuclear technology e. Genetic modification f. Right tech for wrong reasons 3. Arts/Culture a. Arts have a future in Singapore? b. Why pursue Arts? c. Arts and technology d. Uniquely Singapore: Culture 4. Environment a. Developed vs. Developing b. Should environment be saved at all costs c. Are we doing enoughRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. 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Life and Work of John Bowlby Free Essays

string(34) " by the psychoanalytic community\." Bowlby was born in London to an upper-middle-class family. He was the fourth of six children and was brought up by a nanny in the British fashion of his class at that time. His father, Sir Anthony Bowlby, first Baronet, was surgeon to the King’s Household, with a tragic history: at age five, Sir Anthony’s own father (John’s grandfather) was killed while serving as a war correspondent in the Opium Wars. We will write a custom essay sample on Life and Work of John Bowlby or any similar topic only for you Order Now Normally, Bowlby saw his mother only one hour a day after teatime, though during the summer she was more available. Like many other mothers of her social class, she considered that parental attention and affection would lead to dangerous spoiling of the children. Bowlby was lucky in that the nanny in his family was present throughout his childhood. [1] When Bowlby was almost four years old, his beloved nanny, who was actually his primary caretaker in his early years, left the family. Later, he was to describe this as tragic as the loss of a mother. At the age of seven, he was sent off to boarding school, as was common for boys of his social status. In his work Separation: Anxiety and Anger, he revealed that he regarded it as a terrible time for him. He later said, â€Å"I wouldn’t send a dog away to boarding school at age seven†. [2] Because of such experiences as a child, he displayed a sensitivity to children’s suffering throughout his life. However, with his characteristic attentiveness to the effects of age differences, Bowlby did consider boarding schools appropriate for children aged eight and older, and wrote, â€Å"If the child is maladjusted, it may be useful for him to be away for part of the year from the tensions which produced his difficulties, and if the home is bad in other ways the same is true. The boarding school has the advantage of preserving the child’s all-important home ties, even if in slightly attenuated form, and, since it forms part of the ordinary social pattern of most Western communities today [1951], the child who goes to boarding-school will not feel different from other children. Moreover, by relieving the parents of the children for part of the year, it will be possible for some of them to develop more favorable attitudes toward their children during the remainder. [3] He married Ursula Longstaff, herself the daughter of a surgeon, on April 16, 1938, and they had four children, including (Sir) Richard Bowlby, who succeeded his uncle as third Baronet. Bowlby died at his summer home on the Isle of Skye, Scotland. Career Bowlby studied psychology and pre-clinical sciences at Trinity College, Cambridge, winning prizes for outstanding intellectual performance. After Cambridge, he worked with maladjusted and delinquent children, then at the age of twenty-two enrolled at University College Hospital in London. At the age of twenty-six, he qualified in medicine. While still in medical school he enrolled himself in the Institute for Psychoanalysis. Following medical school, he trained in adult psychiatry at the Maudsley Hospital. In 1937, aged 30, he qualified as a psychoanalyst. During World War II, he was a Lieutenant Colonel in the Royal Army Medical Corps. After the war, he was Deputy Director of the Tavistock Clinic, and from 1950, Mental Health Consultant to the World Health Organization. Because of his previous work with maladapted and delinquent children, he became interested in the development of children and began work at the Child Guidance Clinic in London. This interest was probably increased by a variety of wartime events involving separation of young children from familiar people; these included the rescue of Jewish children by the Kindertransport arrangements, the evacuation of children from London to keep them safe from air raids, and the use of group nurseries to allow mothers of young children to contribute to the war effort. [4] Bowlby was interested from the beginning of his career in the problem of separation and the wartime work of Anna Freud and Dorothy Burlingham on evacuees and Rene Spitz on orphans. By the late 1950s he had accumulated a body of observational and theoretical work to indicate the fundamental importance for human development of attachment from birth. [2] Bowlby was interested in finding out the actual patterns of family interaction involved in both healthy and pathological development. He focused on how attachment difficulties were transmitted from one generation to the next. In his development of attachment theory he propounded the idea that attachment behaviour was essentially an evolutionary survival strategy for protecting the infant from predators. Mary Ainsworth, a student of Bowlby’s, further extended and tested his ideas, and in fact played the primary role in suggesting that several attachment styles existed. The three most important experiences for Bowlby’s future work and the development of attachment theory were his work with: Maladapted and delinquent children. James Robertson (in 1952) in making the documentary film A Two-Year Old Goes to the Hospital, which was one of the films about †young children in brief separationâ€Å". The documentary illustrated the impact of loss and suffering experienced by young children separated from their primary caretakers. This film was instrumental in a campaign to alter hospital restrictions on visiting by parents. In 1952 when he and Robertson presented their film A Two Year Old Goes to Hospital to the British Psychoanalytical Society, psychoanalysts did not accept that a child would mourn or experience grief on separation but instead saw the child’s distress as caused by elements of unconscious fantasies (in the film because the mother was pregnant). Melanie Klein during his psychoanalytic training. She was his supervisor; however they had different views about the role of the mother in the treatment of a three-year-old boy. Specifically and importantly, Klein stressed the role of the child’s fantasies about his mother, but Bowlby emphasized the actual history of the relationship. Bowlby’s views—that children were responding to real life events and not unconscious fantasies—were rejected by psychoanalysts, and Bowlby was effectively ostracized by the psychoanalytic community. You read "Life and Work of John Bowlby" in category "Essay examples" He later expressed the view that his interest in real-life experiences and situations was â€Å"alien to the Kleinian outlook†. [2] Maternal deprivation Main article: Maternal deprivation In 1949, Bowlby’s earlier work on delinquent and affectionless children and the effects of hospitalised and institutionalised care lead to his being commissioned to write the World Health Organization’s report on the mental health of homeless children in post-war Europe. [5] The result was Maternal Care and Mental Health published in 1951. [6] Bowlby drew together such limited empirical evidence as existed at the time from across Europe and the USA. His main conclusions, that â€Å"the infant and young child should experience a warm, intimate, and continuous relationship with his mother (or permanent mother substitute) in which both find satisfaction and enjoyment† and that not to do so may have significant and irreversible mental health consequences, were both controversial and influential. The 1951 WHO publication was highly influential in causing widespread changes in the practices and prevalence of institutional care for infants and children, and in changing practices relating to the visiting of infants and small children n hospitals by parents. The theoretical basis was controversial in many ways. He broke with psychoanalytic theories which saw infants’ internal life as being determined by fantasy rather than real life events. Some critics profoundly disagreed with the necessity for maternal (or equivalent) love in order to function normally,[7] or that the formation of an ongoing relationship with a child was an important part of parenting. [8] Others questioned the extent to which his hypothesis was supported by the evidence. There was criticism of the confusion of the effects of privation (no primary attachment figure) and deprivation (loss of the primary attachment figure) and in particular, a failure to distinguish between the effects of the lack of a primary attachment figure and the other forms of deprivation and understimulation that may affect children in institutions. [9] The monograph was also used for political purposes to claim any separation from the mother was deleterious in order to discourage women from working and leaving their children in daycare by governments concerned about maximising employment for returned and returning servicemen. 9] In 1962 WHO published Deprivation of maternal care: A Reassessment of its Effects to which Mary Ainsworth, Bowlby’s close colleague, contributed with his approval, to present the recent research and developments and to address misapprehensions. [10] This publication also attempted to address the previous lack of evidence on the effects of paternal deprivation. According to Rutter the importance of Bowlby’s initial writings on ‘maternal deprivation’ lay in his emphasis that children’s experiences of interpersonal relationships were crucial to their psychological development. 8] Development of attachment theory Bowlby himself explained in his 1988 work â€Å"A Secure Base† that the data were not, at the time of the publication of Maternal Care and Mental Health, â€Å"accommodated by any theory then current and in the brief time of my employment by the World Health Organization there was no possibility of developing a new one†. He then went on to describe the subsequent development of attachment theory. 11] Because he was dissatisfied with traditional theories, Bowlby sought new understanding from such fields as evolutionary biology, ethology, developmental psychology, cognitive science and control systems theory and drew upon them to formulate the innovative proposition that the mechanisms underlying an infants tie emerged as a result of evolutionary pressure. [12] â€Å"Bowlby realised that he had to develop a new theory of motivation and behaviour control, built on up-to-date science rather than the outdated psychic energy model espoused by Freud. [5] Bowlby expressed himself as having made good the â€Å"deficiencies of the data and the lack of theory to link alleged cause and effect† in Maternal Care and Mental Health in his later work Attachment and Loss published in 1969. [13] Ethology and evolutionary concepts â€Å"From the 1950s Bowlby was in personal and scientific contact with leading European scientists in the field of ethology, namely Niko Tinbergen, Konrad Lorenz, and especially the rising star of ethology Robert Hinde. Using the viewpoints of this emerging science and reading extensively in the ethology literature, Bowlby developed new explanatory hypotheses for what is now known as human attachment behaviour. In particular, on the basis of ethological evidence he was able to reject the dominant Cupboard Love theory of attachment prevailing in psychoanalysis and learning theory of the 1940s and 1950s. He also introduced the concepts of environmentally stable or labile human behaviour allowing for the revolutionary combination of the idea of a species-specific genetic bias to become attached and the concept of individual differences in attachment security as environmentally labile strategies for adaptation to a specific childrearing niche. Alternately, Bowlby’s thinking about the nature and function of the caregiver-child relationship influenced ethological research, and inspired students of animal behaviour such as Tinbergen, Hinde, and Harry Harlow. Bowlby spurred Hinde to start his ground breaking work on attachment and separation in primates (monkeys and humans), and in general emphasized the importance of evolutionary thinking about human development that foreshadowed the new interdisciplinary approach of evolutionary psychology. Obviously, the encounter of ethology and attachment theory led to a genuine cross-fertilization† (Van der Horst, Van der Veer Van IJzendoorn, 2007, p. 321). [14][15] The â€Å"Attachment and Loss† trilogy Main articles: Attachment theory and Attachment in children Before the publication of the trilogy in 1969, 1972 and 1980, the main tenets of attachment theory, building on concepts from ethology and developmental psychology, were presented to the British Psychoanalytical Society in London in three now classic papers: The Nature of the Child’s Tie to His Mother (1958), Separation Anxiety (1959), and Grief and Mourning in Infancy and Early Childhood (1960). Bowlby rejected psychoanalyst explanations for attachment, and in return, psychoanalysts rejected his theory. At about the same time, Bowlby’s former colleague, Mary Ainsworth was completing extensive observational studies on the nature of infant attachments in Uganda with Bowlby’s ethological theories in mind. Her results in this and other studies contributed greatly to the subsequent evidence base of attachment theory as presented in 1969 in Attachment the first volume of the Attachment and Loss trilogy. [16] The second and third volumes, Separation: Anxiety and Anger and Loss: Sadness and Depression followed in 1972 and 1980 respectively. Attachment was revised in 1982 to incorporate recent research. According to attachment theory, attachment in infants is primarily a process of proximity seeking to an identified attachment figure in situations of perceived distress or alarm for the purpose of survival. Infants become attached to adults who are sensitive and responsive in social interactions with the infant, and who remain as consistent caregivers for some months during the period from about 6 months to two years of age. Parental responses lead to the development of patterns of attachment which in turn lead to ‘internal working models’ which will guide the individual’s feelings, thoughts, and expectations in later relationships. [5] In Bowlby’s approach, the human infant is considered to have a need for a secure relationship with adult caregivers, without which normal social and emotional development will not occur. As the toddler grows, it uses its attachment figure or figures as a â€Å"secure base† from which to explore. Mary Ainsworth used this feature plus â€Å"stranger wariness† and reunion behaviours, other features of attachment behaviour, to develop a research tool called the â€Å"Strange Situation Procedure† for developing and classifying different attachment styles. The attachment process is not gender specific as infants will form attachments to any consistent caregiver who is sensitive and responsive in social interactions with the infant. The quality of the social engagement appears to be more influential than amount of time spent. 16] Darwin biography Bowlby’s last work, published posthumously, is a biography of Charles Darwin, which discusses Darwin’s â€Å"mysterious illness† and whether it was psychosomatic. [17] Bowlby’s legacy Main article: Attachment theory Although not without its critics, attachment theory has been described as the dominant approach to understanding early social development and to have given rise to a great surge of empirical research into the formation of children’s close relationships. 18] As it is presently formulated and used for research purposes, Bowlby’s attachment theory stresses the following important tenets:[19] 1) Children between 6 and about 30 months are very likely to form emotional attachments to familiar caregivers, especially if the adults are sensitive and responsive to child communications. 2) The emotional attachments of young children are shown behaviourally in their preferences for particular familiar people, their tendency to seek proximity to those people, especially in times of distress, and their ability to use the familiar adults as a secure base from which to explore the environment. ) The formation of emotional attachments contributes to the foundation of later emotional and personality development, and the type of behaviour toward familiar adults shown by toddlers has some continuity with the social behaviours they will show later in life. 4) Events that interfere with attachment, such as abrupt separation of the toddler from familiar people or the significant inability of carers to be sensitive, responsive or consistent in their interactions, have short-term and possible long-term negative impacts on the child’s emotional and cognitive life. 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Did Napoleon Betray The Revolu Essay Example For Students

Did Napoleon Betray The Revolu Essay In order to investigate the claim that Napoleon betrayed the revolution, it has to be determined what is the French revolution? And what are the revolutionary ideals that Napoleon allegedly betrayed? If Napoleon betrayed the Revolution then he betrayed the ideals of Liberty, equality and fraternity. However if Napoleon did not betray the revolution, he consolidated the revolutionary ideals. The only way of determining whether Napoleon consolidated or betrayed the revolution is to explore his actions such as his military success, Dictatorship and social reforms. The difficulty of this analysis is that Napoleons motives for his actions determine whether he consolidated or betrayed the Revolution. If Napoleon betrayed the revolution, then he betrayed the ideals of Liberty, equality and fraternity. For it is ideals rather than realities that Napoleon allegedly betrayed. The reality of the French revolution is 8 periods of constant change and successions of policies and leaders, with each new leader and party brining amendments to the revolution. Napoleons coupdetat of 18 brumaire was an insurance against both Jacobin revolution and Royalist restoration. The French people expected Napoleon to bring back peace, order and to consolidate the political and social conquests of the Revolution. Napoleon considered these conquests to be the sacred rights of property, equality and liberty. If Napoleon gained power with the promise of upholding the principals of the French Revolution how did he betray the revolution? Many historians argue that Napoleon was an effective but ambitious leader. This ambition led to a dictatorship, which they consider Napoleons ultimate betrayal. However other Historians such as Tombs and Furet see Napoleons regime as the most convincing though temporary solution to the political and ideological problems bequeathed by the Revolution. Napoleons dictatorship can also be considered a natural progression from the authoritarian nature of the French revolution. One idea is that is undebatable is if Napoleon betrayed the French Revolution, this means that his actions, motives and policies were disloyal to the Revolutionary ideals of Liberty, equality and Fraternity. Napoleon was an outstanding military commander and enjoyed many successful campaigns. Napoleon maintained the Revolutionary system of conscription and encouraged promotion based on ability. However his motivation for military success was the consolidation of his authority My power is dependant on my glory and my glory on my victories Conquest made me what I am; conquest alone can keep me there. Napoleons Military campaigns can be interpreted as either a consolidation or a betrayal of the revolution. Napoleon continued in the Revolutionary tradition of liberating and introducing revolutionary ideals to the territories he claimed for France. In the areas he conquered Napoleon granted constitutions, introduced law codes, abolished feudalism, created efficient governments and fostered education, science, literature and the arts. However these reforms always failed as Napoleon was always attempting the politically impossible. This did not stop Napoleon from continuing his conquests. Napoleons battles were fought in order to consolidate his dictatorship. His Military success initially consolidated the revolution, but once he turned France into a military dictatorship he betrayed the revolution. Although Napoleons military conquests started off based on the ideals of the French Revolution, Napoleons relentless quest for personal glory lead to a dictatorship. In Napoleons hands the state had become the instrument of dictatorship. The Ultimate betrayal was the institu tion of a hereditary monarchy. This hereditary monarchy began in Napoleons action of crowing himself Emperor and Culminated in his marriage to an Austrian Hapsburg princess the moment his power became hereditary it cut itself off from its source: he embarked upon a course different from that of the Revolution. Napoleon claimed that his motives for marrying an Austrian were to consolidate the Revolution, by allying France with a dangerous neighbour, and defended his actions of crowning himself Emperor and marrying a Hapsburg by declaring democracy establishes sovereignty; aristocracy alone preserves it. It can be argued that Napoleons personal ambition and military conquest was a betrayal of the revolution because it was done to bring personal glory to his dictatorship. However parts of his dictatorship such as his social reforms were consolidating the revolution. All that Napoleon did solely to satisfy his own thirst for glory and power was swept away in his fall. The conquests disa ppeared and the Bonapartes dynasty was outlawed. What endured was the social and administrative structure he put in place to preserve the revolution Napoleon reorganised the religious, social and economic structures of France. This restructuring entailed Napoleon amending some revolutionary reforms. Historians who believe that Napoleon betrayed the ideals of the revolution believe that Napoleons restoration of the Clergy is evidence of his betrayal. However Napoleon restored the clergy in order to appease the people and settle relations with Rome. Napoleon instated this reform in 1801 where he reinstated the Clergy and relations with Rome, while making sure that the people who had purchesed confiscated church lands during the revolution were secure in their property. This ended the division caused by the church reforms and confiscation of land performed during the French Revolution. Napoleons religious reforms can be seen as consolidatary rather than betrayal. Historians point to Na poleons reforms of the French bureaucratic service as the ultimate treachery. France had been through years of revolutionary change but it still lacked the administrative structure to implement revolutionary reforms. Napoleon created a logically organised civil service that was so efficient that most of the world adopted the French administration system Much of its efficiency came from the fact that position were awarded for skill rather then social status Napoleons motto being a career open to all talents, without distinction of birth. However outstanding service within this bureaucratic environment was often rewarded with titles, this looked like the refeudalization of France, but in fact 80% of ennoblements were for military or bureaucratic service. Even so, Napoleons aristocratic style of leadership tends to support the idea that his administrative changes and ennoblements were a refeudalization of France. This would suggest that Napoleon betrayed the revolution by resorting to an administrative system similar to the ancien regime. However Historians such as Georges Lefebvre believe that the Emperor was a man of the Revolution in the sense that he detested feudalism, civil inequality, and religious intolerance. Proving that even though Napoleons social reforms changed the social structures left by the Revolution. The reforms that Napoleon made were in line with the revolutionary ideals of Liberty equality and Fraternity. Napoleon needed to consolidate the Revolution in order to establish himself as one of the most powerful leaders in history. It was both advantageous and necessary for Napoleon to employ the revolutionary ideals in order to consolidate his military dictatorship. France benefited from these revolutionary ideals and Changes to their social system, which outlived Napoleons despotism. Consequently it can be see that Napoleons actions originally consolidated the Revolutionary ideals. However his motives for consolidating the Revolution was the i ncrease of his personal power. In becoming a Military dictator and restoring France to a hereditary monarchy Napoleon betrayed the ideals of the revolution. When Napoleon Betrayed the Revolution, he lost the justification for his regime and consequently lost all the power he had amassed. BibliographyBroers, Michael Europe Under Napoleon 1799-1815 Arnold, London, 1996Ellis, Geoffrey Profiles in Power: Napoleon, Longman, New York, 1997Encyclopaedia Britannica, CD Rom, Standard Edition, 1999Furet, Francois Napoleon Bonaparte in G, Kates(ed.) The French Revolution: Recent Debates and New Controversies Clarendon Press, Oxford (1997)Gildea, Robert Barricades and Borders: Europe 1800-1914, Oxford University Press, New York 2nd edn, 1996Napoleon, Conversation, 1800 Herold, J.Christopher (ed.) The Mind of Napoleon (London,1955), item no.106Holmberg, Tom The empire between dictatorship and monarchy http://www.iselinge.nl/napoleon/html/body_nap_and_revolution.html, 1998Napoleon to the French N ation, 15 Dec 1799, Howard, John Letters and Documents of Napoleon (London, 1961) p.428. .u3bf9b959abc762bae4b6952a1f9142b7 , .u3bf9b959abc762bae4b6952a1f9142b7 .postImageUrl , .u3bf9b959abc762bae4b6952a1f9142b7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3bf9b959abc762bae4b6952a1f9142b7 , .u3bf9b959abc762bae4b6952a1f9142b7:hover , .u3bf9b959abc762bae4b6952a1f9142b7:visited , .u3bf9b959abc762bae4b6952a1f9142b7:active { border:0!important; } .u3bf9b959abc762bae4b6952a1f9142b7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3bf9b959abc762bae4b6952a1f9142b7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3bf9b959abc762bae4b6952a1f9142b7:active , .u3bf9b959abc762bae4b6952a1f9142b7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3bf9b959abc762bae4b6952a1f9142b7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3bf9b959abc762bae4b6952a1f9142b7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3bf9b959abc762bae4b6952a1f9142b7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3bf9b959abc762bae4b6952a1f9142b7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3bf9b959abc762bae4b6952a1f9142b7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3bf9b959abc762bae4b6952a1f9142b7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3bf9b959abc762bae4b6952a1f9142b7 .u3bf9b959abc762bae4b6952a1f9142b7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3bf9b959abc762bae4b6952a1f9142b7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Death Of Outrage EssayLyons, Martyn Napoleon Bonaparte and the Legacy of the French Revolution Macmillan, London, 1994Schroeder, Paul The Transformation of European Politics 1763-1848 Clarendon Press, Oxford 1994Tombs, Robert France 1814-1914, Longman, NewYork, 1996War Times Journal Napoleonic Wars website http://www.wtj.com/portal/wars/modern/napoleonic/